2018年4月28日星期六

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2018年4月27日星期五

Cell membrane inspires new ultrathin electronic film

A method to build large areas of semiconductive material that is two molecules thick and 4.4nm tall has been devised by a Japanese team.

The films function as thin film transistors and according to the team from the University of Tokyo (UTokyo), have potential future applications in flexible electronics or chemical detectors.
These thin film transistors are said to be the first example of semiconductive single molecular bilayers created with liquid solution processing.
"We want to give electronic devices the features of real cell membranes: flexible, strong, sensitive, and super thin,” explained first author, assistant professor Shunto Arai.
“We found a novel way to design semiconductive single molecular bilayers that allows us to manufacture large surface areas, up to 100cm2.”
Geometric frustration
Geometric frustration led to the breakthrough – a concept that uses a molecular shape which makes it difficult for molecules to settle in multiple layers on top of each other.
According to the researchers, the film is transparent, but the forces of attraction and repulsion between the molecules create an organised, repeated herringbone pattern when the film is viewed from above through a microscope. The overall molecular structure of the bilayer is “highly stable” and the team claimed it should be possible to build the same structure out of different molecules with different functionalities.
The individual molecules used in the current film are divided into two regions: a head and a tail. The head of one molecule stacks on top of another, with their tails pointing in opposite directions so the molecules form a vertical line. These two molecules are surrounded by identical head-to-head pairs of molecules, which all together form a sandwich called a molecular bilayer.
The team said they discovered additional bilayers could be prevented from stacking on top, by building the bilayer out of molecules with different length tails. This meant the surfaces of the bilayer were rough and naturally discouraged stacking.
Standard methods of creating semiconductive molecular bilayers cannot control the thickness without causing cracks or an irregular surface, the researchers explained. But, the geometric frustration of different length tails has allowed the researchers to avoid these pitfalls and build a 10cm by 10cm square film using solution processing.
This single molecular bilayer created is much faster than amorphous silicon thin film transistors, the UTokyo team added.
Looking to the future, UTokyo said it will continue to investigate the properties of geometrically frustrated single molecular bilayers and potential applications for chemical detection.

Source from:newelectronics

2018年4月26日星期四

Littelfuse PLED Supports Replacement of Fluorescent Tubes with LED Strings or Lamps Without Reducing Ballast Drivers

Littelfuse Corporation today introduced the PLED family of ultra-low holding currents (only 21mA) that enables ballast drivers that are widely used in fluorescent tube outputs to be compatible with modern LED strings or tubes for replacement. Therefore, there is no need to discard ballasts that can still work when replacing fluorescent tubes with LED strings or lamps.

The PLED ultralow holding current series also ensures that ballasts can activate LED strings or tubes; this is especially important for ballasts that need to detect high voltage outputs when lit.
Typical applications for ultra-low hold current PLEDs include the replacement of indoor and outdoor fluorescent tubes with LED tubes or strings.
"For our customers, PLED's ultra-low holding current series helps reduce LED driver costs without discarding ballasts that are still functioning," said Meng Wang, product marketing manager for Littelfuse LED Protectors. "With this series of products, lower-cost LED drivers compatible with ballast output can be manufactured."
The ultra-low holding current series PLED has the following key advantages:
Ultra-low hold current allows these PLEDs to be used for LED light strings with different power ratings while avoiding flicker.
The small DO-214AA package allows for layout flexibility and is ideal for dense circuit board applications.
The lower threshold voltage (up to 2V) means lower switching losses.

more:YIKESHU



2018年4月25日星期三

World semiconductor market has shown signs of volatility from China

The semiconductor market in the world has begun to show signs of volatility from China. "Nihon Keizai Shimbun" reported on April 24th that China, which has stepped up its domestic semiconductor manufacturing, has fully started investment in equipment. It is expected that by the end of 2018, it will begin to supply the market with cutting-edge 3D NAND flash memory chips. Excessive supply of Chinese products that have appeared in many industries such as LCD panels may also trigger price declines in the semiconductor industry.
China promotes mass production of advanced products

"We didn't believe that (Chinese companies) could move forward smoothly 2-3 years ago, but now it feels different," said the head of sales at Advantest Corporation, a large Japanese manufacturer of semiconductor manufacturing equipment. China's large state-owned semiconductor company's Yangtze River Storage Group's Yangtze River Storage Technology promotes a three-dimensional NAND production project in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The head of sales for the Advantest test stated that it is "estimated that mass production will be rapidly realized by 2018 to 2019."

Three-dimensional NAND is used in smart phones and data center storage devices. Compared with traditional flat products, the storage capacity of each chip is greatly increased. Although China plans to mass-produce products that are still far from the world's most sophisticated 3D NAND, it is said that the yield of trial products is continuously increasing.

In the "Made in China 2025" strategy announced by China in 2015, it proposed to nurture the semiconductor industry. For China, which holds a high share in the field of electronic device manufacturing, semiconductors are the most important imported products. The improvement of trade revenue cannot be achieved without increasing semiconductor self-sufficiency.

For this reason, Chinese local governments have been competing to use subsidies and other preferential policies to attract foreign semiconductor related companies at home and abroad. Ferrotec Holdings Corporation, a Japanese semiconductor company that will establish a wafer fab in Hangzhou, said that it has been “invited by many city governments”.

The International Semiconductor Equipment and Materials Association (SEMI) predicts that by 2018, China's semiconductor manufacturing equipment market will increase 40% year-on-year to 11.3 billion US dollars. Judging from this data from Chinese factories that include foreign companies, China’s market will leap to the second largest in the world, second only to South Korea, accounting for 20% of the overall market.

Not only that, but even semiconductor products that rely on the stable supply of Chinese companies have appeared. That is, the NAND-based flash memory of the previous generation of NAND products was installed in home appliances and automobiles. Due to the expansion of demand for automotive and organic EL panels, "China's foundry companies have become the nicknames for the competition" (manager of semiconductor trading companies).

In the context of declining demand for smart phones, the current NAND market performance is weak. However, every year at the beginning of the year is a period of declining demand. Many people believe that NAND will be once again out of stock before and after the start of the year-end business war with smartphone parts procurement in the summer of 2018.

What about the future? British research company IHS Markit chief analyst Nan Chuan Ming said that "after 2020, NAND supply and demand will depend on Yangtze River Storage Technology." If all of the company's plans are included, the supply will exceed the demand by 2021 at the earliest. It is expected that the NAND price of 256GB will decrease by approximately 2-30% annually between 2019 and 2021. In other words, the average unit price of US$7 in 2017 is expected to drop to US$2.4 by 2021.

China’s booming domestic demand will also help foster the semiconductor industry. It is expected that following smart phones, the data center will become the next fast-growing market. Following the North American IT giant, Chinese companies such as Tencent and Alibaba Group are expanding their investments.

China's era of pricing power will come soon

Many people think that Yangtze Storage is "currently limited to supplying low-end products." The company also faces how to ensure technical personnel and other issues.

However, the market for small and medium-sized LCD panels with a growing share of Chinese manufacturers began to be popularized with low-end products targeting Chinese smartphone manufacturers. Today, the price difference between high-precision products and Chinese products that Japanese and Korean manufacturers have advantages has narrowed to around 10%.

With the current trade frictions between China and the United States, semiconductors have also become the focus. If China increases semiconductor imports to avoid friction with the United States, it will not be conducive to the localization of semiconductors.

In the fields of steel, petrochemicals, and photovoltaic panels, it is not uncommon for China’s huge investment to cause market crashes. Some Chinese semiconductor material manufacturers also said that they would learn lessons from past experience and "will not blindly sell semiconductors, leading to an imbalance between supply and demand." However, from the perspective of both supply and demand, it may usher in an era in which China holds a dominant position in pricing.

2018年4月24日星期二

Witness Bluetooth's 20th Anniversary Market History: From Prototype Design to Global Standards

CES is a stage where breakthrough technologies and innovators go to the world. On this occasion, the (Bluetooth Special Interest Group, referred to as SIG) today announced at the 2018 International Consumer Electronics Show (CES), officially entered the Bluetooth Bluetooth 20th anniversary. In 1998, the Bluetooth technology consortium, consisting of only a few member companies, was involved in finding alternatives to the phone's voice and data transmission cables. Today, the Bluetooth SIG joined hands with 33,000 member companies to jointly develop and innovate flexible, stable and secure wireless connectivity solutions.

“Since its inception, Bluetooth has never stopped expanding and improving connectivity.” said Mark Powell, executive director of the Bluetooth Technology Alliance. “Connectivity drives innovation and innovation is an indispensable force in opening up new markets. From wireless audio to wearables.” Equipment, asset tracking, and building automation, whether past, present or future, Bluetooth has always been the driving force behind innovation and the opening up of new consumer, commercial and industrial markets.”

Stuart Carlaw, chief research officer at ABI Research, said: "Over the past 20 years, Bluetooth has been the key to achieving a great user experience, and it has now become one of the key technologies in the consumer-grade wireless revolution. With the continuous improvement of Bluetooth specifications, it includes The status of the future market, including networking, is further highlighted and the Bluetooth technology community continues to grow.”

The advent of Bluetooth has brought the wireless audio and connectivity equipment market.
Mobile, Tablet, and Personal Computer Markets
Mobile phones, tablets, and personal computers have become important entrances for today's people to gain experience and information. In 2018, shipments of Bluetooth mobile phones, tablets, and personal computers will reach 2.3 billion units. Bluetooth as a wireless technology is adopted by all devices, and it is also the key for everyone to use IoT solutions.

Audio and entertainment market
Bluetooth has completely changed the way we use the media and experience the world. Bluetooth headsets account for more than 54% of all headset sales, and this will only be a fraction of the 1.2 billion Bluetooth audio entertainment devices in 2018. Today, the use of Bluetooth wireless connections for audio transmission has become an integral part of people's daily lives.

car market
Of all newly-launched domestic cars, trucks and SUVs in 2018, 86% will have Bluetooth as standard. Bluetooth products provide us with higher road safety and a more convenient in-car experience. We also realize new application scenarios, improve fuel efficiency, protect drivers from fatigue, and make cars and drivers more seamless. Land and city connections.

Interconnected equipment market
The Bluetooth low energy technology introduced in 2010 promoted the development of the connected device market. It is estimated that by 2018, the shipment of Bluetooth devices in this market will reach 780 million. Bluetooth technology makes billions of everyday devices connected, enabling countless inventions and enabling the vision of the Internet of Things to become a reality.

Smart Building Market
The latest advances in Bluetooth mesh and Bluetooth broadcasting released in 2017 have made large-scale intelligent building automation a reality. Today, with the realization of overall building coverage, Bluetooth is expanding the definition of smart buildings by implementing indoor positioning and location-based services. The focus of these services is to enhance the visitor experience, increase the productivity of the owners, and optimize the space utilization. Currently, 75% of the top 20 retailers have already deployed positioning services. It is estimated that by 2022, shipments of Bluetooth smart building equipment will reach 815 million units.

Intelligent Industry Market
Bluetooth technology has led the integration of industry and information and paved the way for the next industrial revolution. It is estimated that by 2022, the annual shipment of Bluetooth smart industrial equipment will increase by 10 times. These industrial solutions will connect key components in the manufacturer's value stream, keeping machines, people, and processes in sync while increasing efficiency, productivity, and security.

Smart City Market
Bluetooth has enhanced the urban experience and created a rich and personalized experience for concert listeners, museum enthusiasts, sports fans and tourists. According to proximity.directory statistics, by 2019, Beacon applications will be used in 84% of global airports, 93% of U.S. professional league baseball venues, and 75% of NFL venues. It is estimated that by 2022 , Bluetooth positioning service deployment will increase by 5 times.

Smart Home Market
Whether it's connecting TVs to speakers or computers and keyboards, Bluetooth technology has been the key to connected homes for many years. It is estimated that the shipment of Bluetooth smart home devices in 2018 will reach 600 million units in one year. Bluetooth is fulfilling its commitment to the smart home market.




2018年4月23日星期一

How ccd works

Introduction: This article mainly introduces the working principle of ccd. This is a very wonderful process. You are interested to learn quickly.

1.ccd working principle - Introduction
CCD can be called CCD image sensor. CCDs are widely used in digital photography, astronomy, especially optical telemetry, optical and spectral telescopes, and high-speed photography techniques such as Lucky imaging. The CCD device and its application technology have made remarkable progress, especially in the field of image sensing and non-contact measurement.

2. How ccd works
The working process of the CCD is divided into four parts: photoelectric conversion, charge storage, charge transfer, and charge detection. Photoelectric conversion is the conversion of light signals into electrical signals. The CCD is internally composed of many photosensitive pixels. Each pixel is a photodiode. The charge generated on the pixel is detected, and the amount of signal charge generated is directly related to the intensity and exposure of the incident light. Time is proportional.

3.ccd working principle - characteristics
The CCD image sensor can directly convert the optical signal into an analog current signal. The current signal is amplified and analog-digital converted to achieve image acquisition, storage, transmission, processing and reproduction. Its prominent features are: 1. Small size and light weight; 2. Low power consumption, low operating voltage, shock and vibration, stable performance, long life; 3. High sensitivity, low noise, large dynamic range; 4. Fast response , Self-scanning function, small image distortion, no afterimage.

4.ccd working principle - application
CCD is widely used in cameras, digital cameras and scanners, except that the camera uses a dot-matrix CCD, which includes both x and y directions for taking a planar image, and the scanner uses a linear CCD. It has only x One direction, scanning in y direction is done by the scanner's mechanical device. The CCD is a semiconductor device that functions like a film and can convert optical images into digital signals. There are many well-arranged capacitors on the CCD that sense light and convert the image into a digital signal.

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2018年4月8日星期日

LED street light controller is LoRaWAN compliant

Nordic Automation Systems an LED street light wireless luminaire controller compliant with the LoRa wide area network (WAN) standard.

Also compliant with the Zhaga Book 18 LED luminaire interface standard, the Zhaga 18 Luminaire Controller is designed for small size and measures just 40 x 19mm.

“With the rise of new street lighting models, the small dimensions of the controller are an excellent feature to fit with various designs in street luminaires,” said Viljo Veesaar, CEO of Nordic Automation Systems.

The controller has customisable dimming profiles and a DALI interface.

The product is designed to work with DALI-2 systems. Controlling through DALI-2 interface (or with an option to be controlled with a DALI bridge as well) enables the user to add more addresses on a single DALI network.

Zhaga Book 18 defines a standardised interface between an outdoor LED luminaire and a sensing/communication module that sits on the outside of the luminaire.

This standardised interface means that the module can be replaced in the field, allowing the luminaire to be upgraded via the addition of new smart capabilities.

Nordic Automation Systems is a participating member of the Zhaga Consortium and Digital Illumination Interface Alliance (DiiA).


Source from: Electronics weekly


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